Parthenon: Eastern View (Athens, Greece)
Parthenon (Athens, Greece)
Athena (Greek deity)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
The Parthenon is perhaps the most famous Greek temple from Classical Period. Dedicated to Athena's perpetual virginity (Parthenos), the Parthenon was built during the revitalization campaign of Pericles, which rebuilt the infrastructure of Athens after the Persian forces destroyed most of the city in 480 BCE. These new buildings, the Parthenon chief among them, were also meant to demonstrate Athens' dominance over the Mediterranean world. The Parthenon took nearly 15 years to complete, beginning in 447 BCE and finishing in 432 BCE. The main chamber of the building (naos) contained a statue of the goddess sculpted by the artist, Phidias, and standing nearly 40 feet tall. The secondary, smaller chamber behind the main naos was used as a treasury after the Athenians moved the war funds of the Delian League from the island of Delos to Athens.
This photograph captures the eastern entrance of the Parthenon, which would have housed the doors leading into the main cult chamber. If the Parthenon sanctuary included a temple, it would have been located on this side of the building. During sacrifices, the naos' doors would have been left open so that the massive statue of the goddess could watch over the festivities.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Parthenon: Southern View (Athens, Greece)
Parthenon (Athens, Greece)
Athena (Greek deity)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
The Parthenon is perhaps the most famous Greek temple from Classical Period. Dedicated to Athena's perpetual virginity (Parthenos), the Parthenon was built during the revitalization campaign of Pericles, which rebuilt the infrastructure of Athens after the Persian forces destroyed most of the city in 480 BCE. These new buildings, the Parthenon chief among them, were also meant to demonstrate Athens' dominance over the Mediterranean world. The Parthenon took nearly 15 years to complete, beginning in 447 BCE and finishing in 432 BCE. The main chamber of the building (naos) contained a statue of the goddess sculpted by the artist, Phidias, and standing nearly 40 feet tall. The secondary, smaller chamber behind the main naos was used as a treasury after the Athenians moved the war funds of the Delian League from the island of Delos to Athens.
This photograph captures the southern wall of the Parthenon. The gaping hole in this side of the temple was the result of an explosion in 1687 after the Ottoman Turks had converted the Parthenon into a mosque and began storing gun powder in the main chamber. Efforts are currently underway to piece the main chamber back together.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Parthenon: Western View (Athens, Greece)
Parthenon (Athens, Greece)
Athena (Greek deity)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Athens (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
The Parthenon is perhaps the most famous Greek temple from Classical Period. Dedicated to Athena's perpetual virginity (Parthenos), the Parthenon was built during the revitalization campaign of Pericles, which rebuilt the infrastructure of Athens after the Persian forces destroyed most of the city in 480 BCE. These new buildings, the Parthenon chief among them, were also meant to demonstrate Athens' dominance over the Mediterranean world. The Parthenon took nearly 15 years to complete, beginning in 447 BCE and finishing in 432 BCE. The main chamber of the building (naos) contained a statue of the goddess sculpted by the artist, Phidias, and standing nearly 40 feet tall. The secondary, smaller chamber behind the main naos was used as a treasury after the Athenians moved the war funds of the Delian League from the island of Delos to Athens.
This photograph captures the western side of the Parthenon. When one first enters the Acropolis through its main gate, the Propylaea, this is the first view one will have of the famous temple. This side of the structure would have contained the riches of the Delian League after the treasury was relocated from the island of Delos to Athens.
Proctor, Christopher
23-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Ploutonion: Temple of Hades (Eleusis, Greece)
Persephone and Hades
Eleusinian mysteries
Ancient Greek religion
Temples, Greek--Greece
Hades (Greek deity)
Classical Greece
Homeric hymn to Demeter
This photograph shows the ruins of the Ploutonion, a temple dedicated to the god of the underworld, Hades. Classical beliefs prevented the Greeks from referring to Hades by his proper name, so the alias, "Pluto," meaning "Wealth," was used in its stead. The temple was built into the recesses of the cave where it was believed Persephone descended to and ascended from the underworld every year. In this sense, this small cave at Eleusis was believed to be the entrance to the underworld.
Proctor, Christopher
03-June-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
1500 BCE – 396 CE
Propylaea: Dining Room (Athens, Greece)
Propylaea (Acropolis, Athens, Greece)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
This photograph depicts the north-side dining hall of the Propylaea, the massive entrance gate standing on the western side of the Athenian Acropolis. Built by the great Athenian statesman, Pericles, as part of his massive building projects during the height of Athenian navel supremacy in the Greek world, construction lasted five years from 437 BCE to 432 BCE.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Stoa of Attalos (Athens, Greece)
Stoa of Attalos (Athens, Greece)
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Attalus II, King of Pergamum, 220 B.C.-130 B.C.
Rebuilt in the twentieth-century by the American School of Classical Studies, this photograph depicts the Stoa of Attalos. A stoa was a portico-ed building used for various legal, professional, and personal functions, and this particular stoa was given to the Athenians circa 150 BCE as a gift from the king of Pergamon, Attalos II Philadelphus, in recognition of the education he received while studying in Athens. It was later destroyed in 267 CE when German invaders began raid the Greek mainland.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
150 BCE - 267 CE
Straights of Salamis
Salamis Island (Greece)
Salamis, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C
Greece--History--Persian Wars, 500-449 B.C
Themistocles
This photograph of the Straights of Salamis was taken from Piraeus, Greece. The Straights of Salamis was the site of the famous navel battle between a loose confederation of ancient Greek city-states (commanded by the Athenian, Themistocles) and the fleets of the Persian Empire. Taking place in the same year (i.e. 480 BCE) Xerxes invaded the Greek mainland with his vast army, the Battle of Salamis proved to be a decisive victory for the confederate forces of the Greeks.
Proctor, Christopher
03-June-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
490 BCE - 479 BCE
Telesterion: Temple of Demeter and Persephone (Eleusis, Greece)
Sanctuary of Demeter (Eleusis, Greece)
Eleusinian mysteries
Eleusis (Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Demeter (Greek deity)
Ancient Greek religion
Homeric hymn to Demeter
Persephone (Greek deity)
This photograph depicts the Telesterion, the ancient temple dedicated to the goddesses Demeter and Persephone. Located in Eleusis, Greece, the Telesterion was home to one of the most popular Mystery Cults of the ancient Greco-Roman world: i.e. the Eleusinian Mysteries. The myth associated with the Eleusinian Mysteries is recorded in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, which is an etiological myth describing the reason for the four seasons. In sum, Demeter's daughter, Persephone, was abducted by the god of the underworld, Hades. Refusing to let the young goddess return to her mother, Demeter - the goddess responsible for the growing of grains and other dry plants - refused to allow plants to grow. Zeus, the father of Persephone, convinced his brother, Hades, to return the girl to her mother for two-thirds of the year, and it was believed Persephone emerged from the underworld in Eleusis.
Proctor, Christopher
03-June-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
1500 BCE – 396 CE
Temple of Apollo: Eastern Columns (Delphi, Greece)
Temple of Apollo (Delphi)
Apollo (Greek deity)
Ancient Greek religion
Temples, Greek--Greece
Attikē (Greece)
Delphoi (Greece)
Classical Greece
This photograph depicts the eastern columns on the front-side of the temple dedicated to the god of the sun, medicine, music, and prophesy, Apollo. It was in this famous shrine that the god's oracle - or, Pythia - would deliver Apollo's messages to those seeking his council, and it was above these columns where two of the most famous Greek maxims were inscribed: "know thyself" and "all things in measure." Located on Mount Parnassos, these ruins are part of the third great temple to occupy this site, and it lasted from 330 BCE to 390 CE, when it was destroyed by the orders of the new Christian emperor, Theodosius I. The Temple of Apollo was one of the few "panhellenic" shrines in the ancient world, and as such, belonged to all Greek peoples.
Proctor, Christopher
26-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
330 BCE - 390 CE
Temple of Apollo: Eastern Columns from Northern View (Delphi, Greece)
Temple of Apollo (Delphi)
Apollo (Grek deity)
Ancient Greek religion
Temples, Greek--Greece
Attikē (Greece)
Delphoi (Greece)
Classical Greece
This photograph depicts the eastern columns on the front-side of the temple dedicated to the god of the sun, medicine, music, and prophesy, Apollo. It was in this famous shrine that the god's oracle - or, Pythia - would deliver Apollo's messages to those seeking his council, and it was above these columns where two of the most famous Greek maxims were inscribed: "know thyself" and "all things in measure." Located on Mount Parnassos, these ruins are part of the third great temple to occupy this site, and it lasted from 330 BCE to 390 CE, when it was destroyed by the orders of the new Christian emperor, Theodosius I. The Temple of Apollo was one of the few "panhellenic" shrines in the ancient world, and as such, belonged to all Greek peoples.
Proctor, Christopher
26-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
330 BCE - 390 CE