Stoa of Attalos (Athens, Greece)
Stoa of Attalos (Athens, Greece)
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Attalus II, King of Pergamum, 220 B.C.-130 B.C.
Rebuilt in the twentieth-century by the American School of Classical Studies, this photograph depicts the Stoa of Attalos. A stoa was a portico-ed building used for various legal, professional, and personal functions, and this particular stoa was given to the Athenians circa 150 BCE as a gift from the king of Pergamon, Attalos II Philadelphus, in recognition of the education he received while studying in Athens. It was later destroyed in 267 CE when German invaders began raid the Greek mainland.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
150 BCE - 267 CE
Athenian State Prison (Athens, Greece)
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece
Attikē (Greece)
Socrates, 469-399 B.C.
This photograph depicts the ruins of the Athenian State Prison. Located just south of the agora, and built in 450 BCE, this building housed the most famous of all Classical philosophers, Socrates, and was the location of his suicide by the ingestion of hemlock in 399 BCE.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
450 BCE - 399 BCE
Altar of Zeus Agoraios (Athens, Greece)
Altar of Zeus Agoraios (Athens, Greece)
Zeus (Greek deity)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece
Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
This photograph depicts the massive 15 x 30 foot base of an altar that was dedicated to Zeus as protector of commercial and political activities (Agoraios). As the epicenter of such activities, the altar was erected in the Athenian agora after the expulsions of the Persians in 479 BCE.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece (480 BCE - 323 BCE)
Altar of the Twelve Olympian Gods (Athens, Greece)
Gods, Greek
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
This photograph depicts what remains of the area known as the Sanctuary of the Twelve Olympian Gods. Located in the Athenian Agora, this sacred space contained a temple dedicated to the chief members of the Greek Pantheon: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Ares, Hephaestus, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, and Aphrodite. The sanctuary was originally built by the Tyrant of Athens, Pisistratus, in 521 BCE, and it was from this point that all distances from the city of Athens were measured. It was, in effect, the heart of the Athenian city-state.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece (480 BCE - 323 BCE)
Athenian Agora (Athens, Greece)
Agora (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
This photograph depicts the heart of ancient Athenian political, commercial, and public life: the Agora. The Agora not only housed all of the major structures needed for the democracy to run effectively, but consisted of a vast marketplace where goods would be brought into the city and sold to its citizens. In sum, the Agora constituted the heart of daily Athenian public life. In the distance, one can see the Hephaisteion, the Temple of Hephaestus, hovering just above the Agora.
Proctor, Christopher
30-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece (480 BCE - 323 BCE)
Propylaea: Dining Room (Athens, Greece)
Propylaea (Acropolis, Athens, Greece)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Classical Greece
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
This photograph depicts the north-side dining hall of the Propylaea, the massive entrance gate standing on the western side of the Athenian Acropolis. Built by the great Athenian statesman, Pericles, as part of his massive building projects during the height of Athenian navel supremacy in the Greek world, construction lasted five years from 437 BCE to 432 BCE.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Athenian Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
This photograph shows the western side of the Athenian Acropolis. While originally a Mycenaean citadel in the Bronze Age, the Acropolis became the chief religious sanctuary during the Classical Period. After most of the religious sanctuaries were destroyed by the Persian emperor, Xerxes, in 480 BCE, the great Athenian Statesman, Pericles, embarked on an ambitious building campaign to illustrate Athens' dominance in the Greek world after the expulsion of the Persians in 479 BCE. This Periclean Age witnessed a rebirth for the Acropolis as a sanctuary for the Athenian world.
Proctor, Christopher
08-June-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Erechtheion: Western and Southern Views (Athens, Greece)
Erechtheion (Athens, Greece)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
This photograph captures the western and southern sides of the Erectheion. Dedicated to the gods, Athena and Poseidon, and named after the legendary king of Athens, Erectheus, this temple commemorated the mythic battle for patronage of the city. According to myth, both Athena and Poseidon wanted to claim the city, so a contest was held to determine which of the two gods would be victorious. Each god had to give a gift to the people, and after careful considering, the people, themselves, would choose their own patron. Poseidon famously provided the people with a saltwater pool, while Athena gave the people what would become the basis of their commercial economy, the olive tree. Athena was chosen as the winner and the city named after her. It was supposedly on this spot where this contest took place, the tree depicted on the western side of the Erechtheion is believed by Athenians to be the descendant of the original olive tree given by their patron goddess. This temple is also famous for its porch of the Caryatids, a portico with maidens acting as the supporting columns. Although in existence since the Bronze Age, the individual buildings that originally constituted what became the Erectheion were consolidated and enlarged by the building program of Pericles. Construction on the renovated Erechteion began in 421 BCE and lasted until it was dedicated in 406 BCE. Contrary to popular belief, the Parthenon (just south of the Erectheion) was not the most important religious sanctuary in Athens; it was the Erechtheion.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Temple of Athena Nike (Athens, Greece)
Temple of Athena Nike (Athens, Greece)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
This photograph depicts the reconstruction of the Temple of Athena Nike. Built between 449 BCE and 420 BCE, this small temple honored the dual goddesses Athena and Nike (Victory), and commemorated the Athenians' victory over the Persians in 479 BCE. The temple is located on the southern porch of the Propylaea, and was part of the rebuilding program enacted by Pericles.
Proctor, Christopher
08-June-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Erechtheion: Athena's Olive Tree (Athens, Greece)
Erechtheion (Athens, Greece)
Athena (Greek deity)
Acropolis (Athens, Greece)
Temples, Greek--Greece
Ancient Greek religion
Athens (Greece)
Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.
Age of Pericles
Pericles, 495-429 B.C.
This photograph captures the western wall of the Erectheion. Dedicated to the gods Athena and Poseidon, and named after the legendary king of Athens, Erectheus, this temple commemorated the mythic battle for patronage of the city. According to myth, both Athena and Poseidon wanted to claim the city, so a contest was held to determine which of the two gods would be victorious. Each god had to give a gift to the people, and after careful considering, the people, themselves, would choose their own patron. Poseidon famously provided the people with a saltwater pool, while Athena gave the people what would become the basis of their commercial economy, the olive tree. Athena was chosen as the winner and the city named after her. It was supposedly on this spot where this contest took place, the tree depicted here is believed by Athenians to be the descendant of the original olive tree given by their patron goddess.
Proctor, Christopher
29-May-2007
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Attikē (Greece)
Greece--History--Athenian supremacy, 479-431 B.C.